1109 Experiment St. - Melton Building - Griffin, GA 30223 USA - PH (770) 228-7284 - FAX (770) 229-3216
Dr. Larry Beuchat
Distinguished Research Professor

Center for Food Safety
Dept. Food Science & Technology
University of Georgia
Griffin, GA 30223-1797
Office Phone: (770) 412-4740
E-Mail: lbeuchat@uga.edu

Overview of Research Program
Dr. Beuchat's research is in the area of food microbiology.
Pathogenic bacteria under study include Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes. Processes and technologies to eliminate or control the growth of these pathogens in foods are being developed and evaluated.
Growth, survival, death of and toxin production by pathogens in foods as influenced by thermal treatment, pH, acidity, chemical preservatives, water activity and modified atmosphere are being studied.
Research is also being done to develop a selective medium for preservative-resistant yeasts.
New and conventional procedures for killing heat-resistant ascospores of molds in acid foods are being evaluated.
 
Recent Publications (2003 - present)
 
Books

Doyle, M. P., L. R. Beuchat and T. J. Montville (ed). 1997.Food Microbiology: Fundamentals and Frontiers. Am. Soc. Microbiol., Washington, D.C. 768 pp.

Beuchat, L. R. 1997. Traditional fermented foods. In: Food Microbiology: Fundamentals and Frontiers. (M. P. Doyle, L. R. Beuchat and T. J. Montville, ed.) Am. Soc. Microbiology, Washington, D.C. pp. 629-648.

Deak, T. and L. R. Beuchat. 1996. Handbook of Food Spoilage Yeasts. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL. 210 pp.

Refereed publications

Beuchat, L.R. 2007. Managing food safety risks in the fresh-cut industry.  Acta Hort. 746:102-110.

Beuchat, L.R., D.A. Mann, and J.B. Gurtler. 2007. Comparison of dry sheet media and conventional agar media methods for enumerating yeasts and molds in food.  J. Food Prot. 70:2661-2664.

Bilgic, A., W.J. Florkowski, P. Paraskova, M.S. Chinnan, J. Jordanov, A.V.A. Resurreccion, and L.R. Beuchat. 2007. Niche market meats in Bulgaria .  J. Food Dist. Res. Soc. 38:17-24.

Gurtler, J.B. and L.R. Beuchat. 2007. Survival of Enterobacter sakazakii in powdered infant formula as affected by composition, water activity, and temperature.  J. Food Prot. 70:1579-1586.

Gurtler, J.B. and L.R. Beuchat. 2007. Growth of Enterobacter sakazakii in reconstituted infant formula as affected by composition and temperature.  J. Food Prot. 70:2095-2103.

Gurtler, J.B. and L.R. Beuchat. 2007. Inhibition of growth of Enterobacter sakazakii in reconstituted infant formula by the lactoperoxidase system.  J. Food Prot. 70:2104-2110.

Kim, H., J.H. Ryu, and L.R. Beuchat. 2007. Effectiveness of disinfectants in killing Enterobacter sakazakii in suspension, dried on the surface of stainless steel, and in a biofilm.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73:1256-1265.

Lin, L.C. and L.R. Beuchat. 2007. Survival and growth of Enterobacter sakazakii in infant cereal as affected by composition, reconstitution liquid, and storage temperature.  J. Food Prot. 70:1410-1422.

Lin, L.C. and L.R. Beuchat. 2007. Survival of Enterobacter sakazakii in infant cereal as affected by composition, water activity, and temperature.  Food Microbiol. 24:767-777.

Murray, M.B. J.B. Gurtler, J.H. Ryu, M.A. Harrison, and L.R. Beuchat. 2007. Evaluation of direct plating methods to enumerate Alicyclobacillus in beverages.  Int. J. Food Microbiol. 115:59-69.

Palumbo, M.S., J.R. Gorny, D.E. Gombas, L.R. Beuchat, C.M. Bruhn, B. Cassen, P. Delaquis, J.M. Farber, L.J. Harris, K. Ito, M.T. Osterholm, M. Smith, and K.L.J. Swanson. 2007. Recommendations for handling fresh-cut leafy green salads by consumers and retail foodservice operators.  Food Prot. Trends 27:892-898.

Anang, D.M., G. Rusul, S. Radu, J. Bakar, and L.R. Beuchat. 2006. Inhibitory effect of oxalic acid on bacterial spoilage of raw chilled chicken.  J. Food Prot. 69:1913-1919.

Beuchat, L.R. 2006. Vectors and conditions for preharvest contamination of fruits and vegetables with pathogens capable of causing enteric diseases.  Brit. Food J. 108:38-53.

Beuchat, L.R., J.H. Ryu, B.B. Adler, and M.D. Harrison. 2006. Death of Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes in shelf-stable, dairy-based, pourable salad dressings.  J. Food Prot. 69:801-814.

Bowen, A., A. Fry, G. Richards, and L. Beuchat. 2006. Infections associated with cantaloupe consumption: a public health concern.  Epidemiol. Infect. 134:675-685.

Florkowski, W. J., A. Bilgic, P. Paraskova, L. R. Beuchat, M. S. Chinnan, A. V. A. Resurreccion, and J. Jordanov.  2006.  Beverage consumption patterns in a new market economy.  Econ. Rev, Poz. Univ. 6:25-53.

Kenney, S.J., G.L. Anderson, P.L. Williams, P.D. Millner, and L.R. Beuchat. 2006. Migration of Caenorhabditis elegans to manure and manure compost and potential for transport of Salmonella Newport to fruits and vegetables.  Int. J. Food Microbiol. 106:61-68.

Kim, H., J.H. Ryu, and L.R. Beuchat. 2006. Attachment of and biofilm formation by Enterobacter sakazakii on stainless steel and enteral feeding tubes.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72:5846-5856.

Kim, H., J.H. Ryu, and L.R. Beuchat. 2006. Survival of Enterobacter sakazakii on fresh produce as affected by temperature, and effectiveness of sanitizers for its elimination.  Int. J. Food Microbiol. 111:134-143.

Kreske, A.C., J.H. Ryu, and L.R. Beuchat. 2006. Evaluation of chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and a peroxyacetic acid-based sanitizer for effectiveness in killing Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis spores in suspensions, on the surface of stainless steel, and on apples.  J. Food Prot. 69:1892-1903.

Kreske, A.C., J.H. Ryu , C.A. Pettigrew, and L.R. Beuchat. 2006. Lethality of chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and a commercial produce sanitizer to Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas in a liquid detergent, on stainless steel, and in biofilm.  J. Food Prot. 69:2621-2634.

Simmons, J.L., J-H. Ryu, and L.R. Beuchat. 2006. Comparison of treatment of fresh-cut lettuce and diced tomatoes with sodium hypochlorite for effects on microbiological and sensory qualities.  Food Prot. Trends 26:662-667.

Anderson, G. L., S. K. Kenney, L. R. Beuchat, and P. L. Williams.  2005.  Shedding of foodborne pathogens by Caenorhabditis elegans in compost-amended and unamended soil.  Food Microbiol. 13:146-153.

Beuchat, L. R., C. A. Pettigrew, M. E. Tremblay, B. J. Roselle, and A. J. Scouten.  2005.  Lethality of chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and a commercial fruit and vegetable sanitizer to vegetative cell and spores of Bacillus cereus and spores of Bacillus thuringiensis.  J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 32:301-308.

Gibbs, D. S., G. L. Anderson, L. R. Beuchat, L. K. Carta, and P. L. Williams.  2005.  Potential role of Diploscapter, a free-living bacterivorous nematode, as a vector of foodborne pathogenic bacteria to pre-harvest fruits and vegetables.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol.  71:2433-2437.

Gurtler, J. B. and L. R. Beuchat.  2005.  Performance of media for recovering stressed cells of Enterobacter sakazakii as determined using spiral plating and ecometric techniques.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol.  71:7661-7669.

Gurtler, J. B., J. L. Kornacki, and L. R. Beuchat.  2005.  Enterobacter sakazakii:  A coliform of increased concern to infant health.  Int. J. Food Microbiol.  104:1-34.

Kenney, S. J., G. L. Anderson, P. L. Williams, P. D. Millner, and L. R. Beuchat.  2005.  Persistence of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Newport , and Salmonella Poona in the gut of a free-living nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, and transmission to progeny and uninfected nematodes.  Int. J. Food Microbiol. 101:227-236.

Kenney, S. J., G. L. Anderson, P. L. Williams, P. D. Millner, and L. R. Beuchat.  2005.  Migration of Caenorhabditis elegans to manure and manure compost, and potential of the bacterivorous nematode to transport Salmonella Newport to fruits and vegetables.  Int. J. Food Microbiol.  101:227-236.

Kim, H. and L. R. Beuchat.  2005.  Survival and growth of Enterobacter sakazakii on fresh-cut fruits and vegetables and in unpasteurized juice as affected by storage temperature.  J. Food Prot. 68: 2541-2552.

Richards, G. M. and L. R. Beuchat.  2005.  Infection of cantaloupe rind with Cladosporium cladosporioides and Penicillium expansum, and associated migration of Salmonella Poona into edible tissues.  Int. J. Food Microbiol. 103:1-10.

Richards, G. M. and L. R. Beuchat.  2005.  Metabiotic associations of molds and Salmonella Poona on intact and wounded cantaloupe rind.  Int. J. Food Microbiol.  97:327-339.

Richards, G. M., J. B. Gurtler, and L. R. Beuchat.  2005.  Survival and growth of Enterobacter sakazakii in infant rice cereal reconstituted with water, milk, liquid infant formula, or apple juice.  J. Appl. Microbiol.  99:844-850.

Ryu, J.-H. and L. R. Beuchat.  2005.  Biofilm formation and sporulation by Bacillus cereus on a stainless steel surface and subsequent resistance of vegetative cells and spores to chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and a peroxyacetic acid-based sanitizer.  J. Food Prot.  68:2614-2622.

Ryu, J.-H. and L. R. Beuchat.  2005.  Effect of exopolysaccharide and curli production on biofilm formation by Escherichia coli O17:H7 on stainless steel on its resistance to chlorine.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol.  71:247-254.

Ryu, J.-H. and L. R. Beuchat.  2005.  Spore formation by Bacillus cereus in broth as affected by temperature, nutrient availability, and manganese.  J. Food Prot. 68:1734-1738.

Sharma, M., B. B. Adler, M. D. Harrison, and L. R. Beuchat.  2005.  Thermal tolerance of acid-adapted and unadapted Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes in cantaloupe and watermelon juice.  Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 41:448-453.

Sharma, M., J.-H. Ryu, and L. R. Beuchat.  2005.  Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in biofilms on stainless steel by treatment with alkaline cleaner and bacteriophage.  J. Appl. Microbiol.  99:449-459.

Sy, K. V., K. H. McWatters, and L. R. Beuchat.  2005.  Efficacy of gaseous chlorine dioxide as a sanitizer for killing Salmonella, yeasts, and molds on blueberries, strawberries, and raspberries.  J. Food Prot.  68:1165-1175.

Sy, K. V., M. B. Murray, M. D. Harrison, and L. R. Beuchat.  2005.  Evaluation of gaseous chlorine dioxide for killing Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and yeasts and molds on fresh and fresh-cut produce.  J. Food Prot.  68:1176-1187.

Beuchat, L. R.  2004.  Difficulties in eliminating human pathogenic microorganisms on raw fruits and vegetables.  Acta Hort.  542:151-160.

Beuchat, L. R., B. B. Adler, and M. M. Lang.  2004.  Efficacy of chlorine and a peroxyacetic acid sanitizer in killing Listeria monocytogenes on iceberg and Romaine lettuce using simulated commercial processing conditions.  J. Food Prot.  67:1238-1242.

Beuchat, L. R., C. A. Pettigrew, M. E. Tremblay, B. J. Roselle, and A. J. Scouten.  2004.  Lethality of chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and a commercial fruit and vegetable sanitizer to vegetative cells and spores of Bacillus cereus and spores of Bacillus thuringiensis.  J. Food Prot.  67:1702-1708.

Beuchat, L. R. and A. J. Scouten.  2004.  Factors affecting survival, growth, and retrieval of Salmonella Poona on intact and wounded cantaloupe rind and in stem scar tissue.  Food Microbiol.  21:683-694.

Beuchat, L. R., and A. J. Scouten.  2004.  Viability of acid-adapted Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef treated with acidic calcium sulfate.  J. Food Prot.  67:591-595.

Burnett, A. B., M. H. Iturriaga, E. F. Escartin, C. A. Pettigrew, and L. R. Beuchat.  2004.  Influence of variations in methodology on populations of Listeria monocytogenes recovered from lettuce treated with sanitizers.  J. Food Prot.  67:742-750.

Chiou, R. Y.-Y., R. D. Phillips, P. Zhao, M. P. Doyle, and L. R. Beuchat. 2004. Ethanol-mediated variations in fatty acid composition and protein profiles of two genotypically different strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70:2204-2210.

Kenney, S. J., G. L. Anderson, P. L. Williams, P. D. Millner and L. R. Beuchat.  2004.  Effectiveness of cleaners and sanitizers in killing Salmonella Newport in the gut of a free-living nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans.  J. Food Prot.  67:2151-2157.

Kenney, S. J., and L. R. Beuchat.  2004.  Survival, growth, and thermal resistance of Listeria monocytogenes in products containing peanut and chocolate.  J. Food Prot.  67:2205-2211.

Lang, M. M., L. J. Harris, and L. R. Beuchat.  2004.  Evaluation of inoculation method and inoculum drying time for their effects on survival and efficiency of recovery of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes inoculated on the surface of tomatoes.  J. Food Prot.  67:732-741.

Lang, M. M., L. J. Harris, and L. R. Beuchat.  2004.  Survival and recovery of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes on lettuce and parsley as affected by method of inoculation, time between inoculation and analysis, and treatment with chlorinated water.  J. Food Prot.  67:1092-1103.

Moon, W., W. J. Florkowski, L. R. Beuchat, A. V. A. Resurreccion, P. Paraskova, J. Jordanov, and M. S. Chinnan.  2004.  Identifying factors affecting consumption of peanut tahina in Bulgaria .  J. Int. Food Agric. Marketing.  13:111-127.

Richards, G. M. and L. R. Beuchat. 2004. Attachment of Salmonella Poona to cantaloupe rind and stem scar tissues as affected by temperature of fruit and inoculum.  J. Food Prot. 67:1359-1364.

Richards, G. M., J. W. Buck, and L. R. Beuchat.  2004.  Survey of yeasts for antagonistic activity against Salmonella Poona in cantaloupe juice and wounds in rinds co-infected with phytopathogenic molds. J. Food Prot.  67:2132-2142.

Ryu, J.-H., and L. R. Beuchat.  2004.  Factors affecting production of extracellular carbohydrate complexes by Escherichia coli O157:H7.  Int. J. Food Microbiol.  95:189-204.

Ryu, J.-H., H. Kim, and L. R. Beuchat.  2004.  Attachment and biofilm formation by Escherichia coli O157:H7 on stainless steel as influenced by exopolysaccharide production, nutrient availability, and temperature.  J. Food Prot.  67:2123-2131.

Ryu, J. H., H. Kim, J. F. Frank, and L. R. Beuchat.  2004.  Attachment and biofilm formation on stainless steel by Escherichia coli O157:H7 as affected by curli production.  Lett. Appl. Microbiol.  39:359-362.

Sharma, M. and L. R. Beuchat.  2004.  Sensitivity of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to commercially available alkaline cleaners and subsequent resistance to heat and sanitizers.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol.  70:1795-1803.

Sharma, R. R., A. Demirci, V. M. Puri, L. R. Beuchat and W. F. Fett.  2004.  Modeling the inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on inoculated alfalfa seeds during exposure to ozonated or electrolyzed oxidizing water.  Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Engr.  47:173-181.

Sharma, M., G. M. Richards, and L. R. Beuchat.  2004.  Survival and growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in roast beef and salami after exposure to an alkaline cleaner.  J. Food Prot.  67:2107-2116.

Tetteh, G. L., S. K. Sefa-Dedeh, R. D. Phillips, and L. R. Beuchat.  2004.  Survival and growth of acid-adapted and unadapted Shigella flexneri in a traditional fermented Ghanaian weaning food as affected by fortification with cowpea.  Int. J. Food Microbiol.  90:189-195.

Viljoen, B. C., A. Knox, L. R. Beuchat, T. Deak, M. Malfeito-Ferreira, T. K. Hansen, A. Hugo, M. Jakobsen, V. Loureiro, A. Lourens-Hattingh, and R. Vasdinnyei.  2004.  An inter-laboratory evaluation of selective media for the detection and enumeration of yeasts from blue-veined cheese.  Int. J. Food Microbiol.  94:9-14.

Anderson, G. L., K. N. Caldwell, L. R. Beuchat, and P. L. Williams.  2003.  Interaction of a free-living soil nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, with surrogates of foodborne pathogenic bacteria.  J. Food Prot.  66:1543-1549.Aryana, K. J., A. V. A. Resurreccion, M. S. Chinnan and L. R. Beuchat.  2003.  Functionality of palm oil as a stabilizer in peanut butter.  J. Food Sci. 68:1301-1307.

Beuchat, L. R., A. J. Scouten, R. I. Allen, and R. S. Hussey.  2003.  Potential of a plant-parasitic nematode to facilitate internal contamination of tomato plants by Salmonella.  J. Food Prot.  66:1459-1461.

Buck, J. W., R. R. Walcott, and L. R. Beuchat.  2003.  Contamination of food crops with human pathogens.  Plant Health Prog.  doi:10.1094/PHP-2003-0121-01-RV.

Busta, F. F., T. V. Suslow, M. E. Parish, L. R. Beuchat, J. M. Farber, E. H. Garrett, and L. J. Harris.  2003.  The use of indicators and surrogate microorganisms for the evaluation of pathogens in fresh and fresh-cut produce.  Comprehensive Rev. Food Sci. Food Safety.  2 (Suppl.):179-185.

Caldwell, K. N., B. B. Adler, G. L. Anderson, P. L. Williams, and L. R. Beuchat.  2003.  Ingestion of Salmonella entericia  serotype Poona by a free-living nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, and protection against inactivation by produce sanitizers.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol.  69:4103-4110.

Caldwell, K. N., G. L. Anderson, P. L. Williams, and L. R. Beuchat.  2003.  Attraction of a free-living nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, to foodborne pathogenic bacteria and its potential as a vector of Salmonella Poona for preharvest contamination of cantaloupe.  J. Food Prot.  66:1964-1971.

Farber, J. M., L. J. Harris, M. E. Parish, L. R. Beuchat, T. V. Suslow, J. R. Gorny, E. H. Garrett, and F. F. Busta.  2003.  Microbiological safety and controlled modified atmosphere packaging of fresh and fresh-cut produce.  Comprehensive Rev. Food Sci. Food Safety.  2 (Suppl.):142-160.

Fifadara, N., G. Rusul, S. Radu, Z. Hassan, and L. R. Beuchat.  2003.  Hemolytic and non-hemolytic vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolated from beef imported to Malyasia.  J. Food  Prot.  66:1845-1850.

Garrett, E. H., J. R. Gorny, L. R. Beuchat, J. M. Farber, L. J. Harris, M. E. Parish, T. V. Suslow, and F. F. Busta.  2003.  Microbiological safety of fresh and fresh-cut produce:  Description of situation and economic impact.  Comprehensive Rev. Food Sci. Food Safety.  2 (Suppl.):13-37.Harris, L. J., J. M. Farber, L. R. Beuchat, M. E. Parish, T. V. Suslow, E. H. Garrett, and F. F. Busta.  2003.  Outbreaks associated with fresh produce:  Incidence, growth, and survival of pathogens in fresh and fresh-cut produce.  Comprehensive Rev. Food Sci. Food Safety.  2 (Suppl.):78-141.

Holliday, S. L., B. B. Adler, and L. R. Beuchat.  2003.  Viability of Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes in butter and yellow fat spreads as affected by temperature and physical abuse.  Food Microbiol. 20:159-168.

Holliday, S. L. and L. R. Beuchat.  2003.  Viability of Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes in yellow fat spreads as affected by storage temperature.  J. Food Prot. 66:549-558.

Iturriaga, M. H., E. F. Escartin, L. R. Beuchat, and R. Martinez-Peniche.  2003.  Effect of inoculum size, relative humidity, storage temperature, and ripening stage on the attachment of Salmonella Montevideo to tomatoes and tomatillos.  J. Food Prot.  66:1756-1761.

Parish, M. E., L. R. Beuchat, T. V. Suslow, L. J. Harris, E. H. Garret, J. M. Farber, and F. F. Busta.  2003. Methods to reduce/eliminate pathogens from fresh and fresh-cut produce.  Comprehensive Rev. Food Sci. Food Safety.  2 (Suppl.):161-178.

Phillips, R. D., K. H. McWatters, M. S. Chinnan, Y.-C. Hung, L. R. Beuchat, S. Sefa-Dedeh, E. Sakyi-Dawson, P. Ngoddy, D. Nnuanyelugo, J. Enwere, N. Sharon Komey, K. Lui, Y. Mensa-Wilmot, I. Nuanna, C. Okeke, W. Prinyawiwatkul, and F. K. Saalia.  2003.  Utilization of cowpeas for human food.  Field Crops Res.  82:193-213.

Ryu, J.-H. and L. R. Beuchat.  2003.  Development of method to quantify extracellular carbohydrate complexes produced by Escherichia coli O157:H7.  J. Appl.  Microbiol.  95:1304-1314.

Sharma, M., P. J. Taormina and L. R. Beuchat.  2003.  Habituation of foodborne pathogens exposed to extreme pH conditions:  Genetic basis and implications in foods and food processing environments.  Food Sci. Technol. Res. (Japan)  9:115-127.

Sharma, R. R., A. Demirci, L. R. Beuchat, and W. F. Fett.  2003.  Application of ozone for inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on inoculated alfalfa sprouts.  J. Food Proc. Preserv. 27:51-64.

Suslow, T. V., M. P. Oria, L. R. Beuchat, E. H. Garrett, M. E. Parish, L. J. Harris, J. M. Farber, and F. F. Busta.  2003.  Production practices as risk factors in microbial food safety of fresh and fresh-cut produce.  Comprehensive Rev. Food Sci. Food Safety.  2 (Suppl.):38-77.

Tetteh, G. L. and L. R. Beuchat.  2003.  Exposure of Shigella flexneri to acid stress and heat shock enhances acid tolerance.  Food Microbiol. 20:179-185.

Tetteh, G. L. and L. R. Beuchat.  2003.  Survival, growth, and inactivation of acid-stressed Shigella flexneri as affected by pH and temperature.  Int. J. Food Microbiol.  87:131-138.

Wade, W. N. and L. R. Beuchat.  2003.  Metabiosis of proteolytic moulds and Salmonella in raw, ripe tomatoes.  J. Appl. Microbiol.  95:437-450.

Wade, W. N. and L. R. Beuchat.  2003.  Proteolytic fungi isolated from decayed and damaged tomatoes, and implications associated with changes in pH favorable for survival and growth of foodborne pathogens.  J. Food Prot. 66:911-917.

Wade, W. N., A. J. Scouten, K. M. McWatters, R. L. Wick, A. Demirci, W. F. Fett, and L. R. Beuchat.  2003.  Ineffectiveness of ozone in killing Listeria monocytogenes on alfalfa seeds and sprouts, and effects on sensory quality of sprouts.  J. Food Prot.  66:44-51.

Wade, W. N., R. Vasdinnyei, T. Deak, and L. R. Beuchat.  2003.  Proteolytic yeasts isolated from raw, ripe tomatoes and metabiotic association of Geotrichum candidum with Salmonella.  Int. J. Food Microbiol.  86:101-111.